safety
Burn Injury
Dress appropriately while cooking. Remove jewelry that can dangle or catch on a pot. Avoid wearing loose clothing and, for sanitary and safety reasons, tie back long hair. Cook under adult supervision when you are using a stove or grilling outside. Both electric and gas stoves and grills present unique risks; understand the fuel your cooking appliance uses. Keep your stove and oven clean and neat. Do not place pot holders or dish towels on the stove, even for a moment.
cut injurt
• Keep knives and scissors sharp and handle them carefully.
• Store sharp items separate from other utensils. Take them out of storage only when they are being used.
• Never put knives or scissors in a sink full of water. Wash, rinse, dry, and put them away as you go.
• When you use a knife to cut, dice, or chop, always place the item you are cutting on a flat surface such as a wooden cutting board. Cut away from yourself, making sure your fingers are not in the knife’s path.
food poison
Develop good habits in the kitchen. Clean pans, pots, utensils, and your working surfaces as you go.Dishes are easier to wash when you clean them soon after you use them. Keeping the home or camp kitchen clean as you cook has other advantages.
storage
The first item involved in safe cooking is, of course, the food. Meats and dairy foods must be kept cold before use. Once removed from its protective wrapper, meat must be kept separate from other food items. Because bacteria can grow in meat, the meat must be cooked as soon as it is no longer cold. Likewise, any uneaten, cooked meat must be properly stored and kept cold to eliminate the risk of growing bacteria.
Utensils
Cooks use many types of equipment to prepare food. Sharp knives must be used properly to prevent serious cuts and injuries. Pots on a stove or campfire get extremely hot and always must be handled with hot-pot tongs or hot pads to prevent burns.
first aid
- BURNS AND SCALDS:Burns are caused by contact with flames,hot objects, chemicals, electrical sources, radiated heat, frozen surfaces, friction, or radiation. Scalds are burns caused by contact with boiling fluids or steam. Treatment for minor burns and scalds is the same.
Step 1—Stop the burn. Put out flames or remove the victim from the source of the burn. The terrible thing about burns is that the skin continues to burn and more damage is created until you can cool down the affected area of the person’s body.
Step 2—Cool the burn. Use large amounts of cool water to cool the burn. Never use ice except on small, superficial burns, because it causes body heat loss. If the area cannot be immersed, like the face, soak a clean cloth in cool water and apply it gently to the burn. Continue adding water to keep the cloth cool.
Step 3—Cover the burn. Use dry, sterile dressings or a clean cloth to help prevent infection. Bandage loosely so that air can flow around the wound; this will help the area heal more quickly. Apply an antibiotic ointment only to minor burns. Do not use home remedies, and do not break blisters.
-CUTS:Step 1—Stop the bleeding. Apply pressure with a clean,absorbent cloth or your fingers. (Wear latex gloves.)
Step 2—If the blood soaks through, apply a second bandage on top. Leave the first bandage on to preserve the clotting that has already taken place.
Step 3--If the bleeding continues, raise the wound above the patient’s heart level.
Step 4--Once bleeding stops, clean the wound gently with soap and water, or just flush the wound with water to remove all debris and dirt.
Step 5—Apply an antibiotic ointment. Some people are allergic to these ointments; ask the patient or contact a doctor if you have any doubts. Cover the cut with a clean bandage.
-CHOKING:
Treatment
-ALLERGIC REACTION:
Difficulty breathing or wheezing
Tightness in the throat or a feeling that the airways are closing
Step 1—Stop the burn. Put out flames or remove the victim from the source of the burn. The terrible thing about burns is that the skin continues to burn and more damage is created until you can cool down the affected area of the person’s body.
Step 2—Cool the burn. Use large amounts of cool water to cool the burn. Never use ice except on small, superficial burns, because it causes body heat loss. If the area cannot be immersed, like the face, soak a clean cloth in cool water and apply it gently to the burn. Continue adding water to keep the cloth cool.
Step 3—Cover the burn. Use dry, sterile dressings or a clean cloth to help prevent infection. Bandage loosely so that air can flow around the wound; this will help the area heal more quickly. Apply an antibiotic ointment only to minor burns. Do not use home remedies, and do not break blisters.
-CUTS:Step 1—Stop the bleeding. Apply pressure with a clean,absorbent cloth or your fingers. (Wear latex gloves.)
Step 2—If the blood soaks through, apply a second bandage on top. Leave the first bandage on to preserve the clotting that has already taken place.
Step 3--If the bleeding continues, raise the wound above the patient’s heart level.
Step 4--Once bleeding stops, clean the wound gently with soap and water, or just flush the wound with water to remove all debris and dirt.
Step 5—Apply an antibiotic ointment. Some people are allergic to these ointments; ask the patient or contact a doctor if you have any doubts. Cover the cut with a clean bandage.
-CHOKING:
Treatment
- Heimlich maneuver and CPR –2 techniques
- If person is unable to talk, try Heimlich maneuver
- Forces the diaphragm upto the lungs
- Creates an artificial cough
-ALLERGIC REACTION:
Difficulty breathing or wheezing
Tightness in the throat or a feeling that the airways are closing
- Hoarseness or trouble speaking
- Swollen lips, tongue, or throat
- Nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting
- Fast heartbeat or pulse
- Anxiety or dizziness
- Loss of consciousness
- Other symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
- For mild allergy symptoms, such as hay fever or hives, give an over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine.
- For stuffy nose, give an OTC decongestant.
- For itchy, watery eyes, use OTC allergy eye drops.
- For itchy allergic rash, apply cold compresses and an OTC hydrocortisone cream.